Analytical Essay About Leaders Essay

What is a leader? A leader is a person who leads or commands a group, organization, or country. There are many types of leaders. A leader can be a laissez-faire leader that lacks direct supervision and fails to provide regular feedback to those they lead, an autocrat that possesses total authority and take decisions upon their own will without consulting those who are following or even a participative leader who has the responsibility of making the final decision but greatly includes the opinions, ideas and feedback of those they lead. Leaders can also be transactional leaders who receive certain tasks to conduct and give rewards or punishments to those under them based on their performance or transformational leaders who motivate followers and increase productivity using communicative techniques and involvement in the tasks they set. Not only that, a leader also has to have some traits that correspond to their types of leadership. For example, transformational leaders have to be patient with their followers otherwise relationships can break down and the whole idea of efficiency is destroyed. Leaders need to be persuasive as well to motivate and convince their followers to believe in an idea or their ability to do a task which they hesitate to do or think they are unable to. As seen in history and many novels, leaders lead differently than other leaders as ideas, methods and perceptions of perfection differ between them. For example, the ideas and methods used by Queen Elizabeth the First differed from those used by Sampath Chawla from the novel entitled ‘Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard’ written by Kiran Desai as well as Mark Antony from the play entitled ‘The tragedy of Julius Caesar’ written by the famous William Shakespeare. The three of them all differed in how they led their followers and using which ideas to do so. Despite differing in many aspects, they all shared some common traits that are the bases of leadership. In ‘The Tragedy of Julius Caesar’, some conspirators had killed the almost roman emperor, Julius Caesar. They did so, giving the false reason that they wanted to rid him of the fear or worry of death. Mark Antony, using persuasive techniques, managed to change the mindsets of the public who believed in the conspirators’ reason into believing that Caesar was a good man and had no bad intentions, which is what the conspirators’ thought. Mark Antony uses persuasive techniques like repetition, false intentions and sophistry. He uses these in his speech at Caesar’s burial to convince the crowd into believing his ideas by first commending Brutus on how honorable he is but then repeating how honorable he is to make the crowd question their faith in Brutus. He also says that he did not arrive to praise Caesar but to bury him which is exactly the opposite of what he wanted to do. Another false intention was that he did not want to disprove Brutus which is exactly what he did by using appropriate facts. Lastly, his speech was sophisticated and so led the crowd to believing that he was superior to Brutus which cemented his gaining the crowd’s support. In ‘Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard’, the main character, Sampath, is a leader later on in the novel after losing his job at the post office where he reads every letter that passes him. He becomes a sort of spiritual leader as he passes on some of the knowledge, both useful and downright senseless, to those who believe he is one. He manages to convince the people who come to him for advice, as he seemingly has an answer that seems meaningful and wise, using persuasive techniques that include loaded language and glittering generalities. An example of the responses he gives to people is when someone asked him if anyone could comprehend all there is to know about god to which Sampath replied ‘‘ Once you have broken the bottle you can no longer distinguish the air inside from the air outside’’ This represents the colorful and loaded language Sampath represents as well as his ability to confuse and manipulate people into thinking meaningless sentences like these have greater meaning and that is the reason they cannot understand. He is also a leader because he represents a symbol of knowledge and religious importance and this gives people something to look forward to, believe in and rely upon. Queen Elizabeth the First was a leader as well when she ruled over England in 1588. She was brave, intelligent, caring and because of this, loved by the people. At this time, England was about to go to war with Spain. The units in concern were the naval fleets of both nations that were about to engage in combat. The Spanish fleet, nicknamed the Spanish Armada, were in comparison to the English fleet, bigger, stronger and heavily armored and this caused the soldiers to doubt their own ability to win and caused large bouts of cowardice. Despite this, the English fleet came out victorious. Queen Elizabeth, on the eve of the Spanish Armada, gave a powerful speech that motivated her soldiers and showed her love and respect for the country. She used persuasive techniques like bandwagon appeal to bring out the desire to belong in the soldiers, rewards that gave incentive to the soldiers to fight, win and return, loaded language to appeal to her audience, a tone of self-assurance to show that she knows the position of power she is in and how she is not threatened by anything on the outside and lastly, the most powerful technique she used was to keep using the word ‘we’ to show how they are all united and how she was willing to give up everything for the nation. This inspired the confidence needed to win the battle. A leader is a person who leads or commands a group, organization, or country. This is what all three leaders have shown, the ability to lead. They have shown this in their own ways and with their own ideas. They all share this common trait as well as being persuasive and adapting intelligently to fit the situation. That is the basic leadership trait that all successful leaders throughout history have shown and that is all that is needed in order to be a successful leader.

Bacardi Breezer and the Marketing Mix

Bacardi Breezer and the Marketing mix Following the success of Bacardi rum, created in 1829 (Smith, 2002) the company decided to diversify in 1994 launching Bacardi Breezers. These are â€Å"refreshing blend of Barcardi rum, fruit juices, exotic flavourings and sparkling mineral water† (http://www. thedrinkshop. com/products/nlpdetail. php? prodid=410) Bacardi were the first to launch ready-to-drink alchopops and are currently the market leader in the segment.The Bacardi Breezers come in many different flavours such as watermelon, orange, line, pineapple, peach, grapefruit and cranberry. Bacardi also more recently brought out a half-sugar range with zesty lemon and raspberry flavours. Its fun colourful packaging with the distinctive bacardi logo is perfect for its target market of 18-24's. I do feel that Breezers may possibly be aimed more towards females with how colourful the alco-pops are, however that does not mean to say that Breezers don't appeal to males.The packaging i s the same for all bottles except the colour of the smaller labels determine the flavour of the alcopop being consumed. The bottles tend to only come in two different sizes, the smaller 275ml bottles which are most popular with the on-trade but are sold by both, and the 700ml bottle sold only by the off-trade. The 275ml bottles are also only available in 4 packs whereas competitors such as Smirnoff Ice sell 12 bottle packs.The â€Å"core† benefit of Bacardi breezer as a product is that it gets the consumer intoxicated, however this is not the only reason for consumption. When planning a product the core benefit is turned into an actual product, which then become the tangible benefits â€Å"they need to develop product and service features, design, a quality level, a brand name and packaging. † 1 (Armstrong, G. (2009) Marketing An Introduction. Essex, Pearson Education. ) So bacardi breezers product feature is its pre-mixed contents, its service features being helplines .Its design being more colourful than Bacardi's previous products makes it more attractive to the younger market its aimed at. Bacardi have set themselves a high quality level, â€Å"Breezer made the decision to maintain its premium pricing to reinforce its quality positioning and thus kept its price at the top of the range† (Case Study information. ) Having already established a brand name as Bacardi, Breezers packaging is very different to the core products as its fresh and modern rather than aiming for the more cosmopolitan market.For Bacardi's Augmented benefits however these are harder to distinguish as there is no need for installation or very much after sale service, although they do offer a warranty if you are not satisfied you can return the packaging and they will try to rectify the problem. Original Bacardi rum has a much simpler packaging which aims to interest its target market of women aged 25-39. In comparison to Breezers it is much more sophisticated and doesn 't have the playful edge that is associated with Breezers.In my opinion Bacardi rum is more likely to be seen is cocktail bars and contemporary pubs, whereas Breezers are spotted in nightclubs and consumed by a younger group whilst getting ready for a night out. Bacardi have also diversified into other pre-mixed drinks and introduced Bacardi Siler targeted at 21-27 year old young professionals enjoy being in a bar situation but don't necessarily like beer. (http://directmag. com/mag/marketing_million_push_rolls/) This also includes the mojito range which I feel makes it again more sophisticated than Breezers.Price is the amount charged for a product or service, the following table shows prices of the off trade for Bacardi Breezers. This indicates a competitive pricing strategy as Bacardi have set premium prices compared to some competitors in order to maintain the quality level expected of them and also the image of a better product that competitors, however they tend to be around t he same price as Smirnoff Ice and WKD in order to not be under-cut by these same quality competitors.Therefore Bacardi take note of what their direct competitors are doing and to an extent follow suit afterwards. It is clear that as market leader there is enough demand for Breezers at a premium price to its lower quality competitors such as Caribbean Twist. It is hard however to determine the definite pricing strategy for Breezers as there isn't enough widely spread information about Breezers marketing strategy this is because they are a private limited company and does not have to publish this information. The prices of on-trade prices vary widely from ? 2 to ? 3. 0 however most on-trade companies do not freely advertise their prices and therefore have more choice as to what to charge. It is clear however that in a social environment such as a nightclub prices will be higher than that of the off-trade as you are also paying for the experience. The on-trade tend to use value-added p rices in order to make more of a profit. Through research I have found that there are few pubs which actually sell Breezers over the counter, but almost every nightclub sells them which further indicates that Breezers are targeted at the younger market.The off-trade distribution channel for Bacardi Breezers is Producer -; Distribution centres -; Retailers -; Consumers. This is only a short channel of distribution, the reason for this is that Breezers do not need to go through many processes to be produced and therefore all production is in house. I feel that Bacardi could not use a distribution channel of only Producer -; Consumer as it is not that type of product and this way of distribution would not provide enough opportunity for marketing.Supermarkets such as Tesco can also benefit from economies of scales due to the size of their organisations and can then pass some of these savings onto the consumers. The on-trade distribution channel is Producer -; Distribution centres -; Who lesalers -; Retailers -; Consumers. The on-trade have a longer distribution channel as they will have wholesalers, this is due to the lack or storage for nightclus and they will also then benefit from economies of scale.The Breezer advertising campaign is very similar to that of WKD one of their competitors, Bacardi's slogan is ‘Bacardi Breezer: there’s Latin spirit in everyone’ (Cozens, 1999) whereas WKD uses â€Å"Have you got a WKD side? † (http://www. dooyoo. co. uk/drinks/wkd-blue/1305067/). It is clear that there is a huge focus on promotion for Breezers, this is known from the fact that they launched a ? 5. 6m advertising campaign in 1999.This was their main promotion of Breezers since the launch and this was what established the widespread product knowledge of Breezers consumers. Bacardi also used advertising to keep themselves ahead of the competition, â€Å"they ensure that they spend more on advertising and promotion than any of their rivalsâ⠂¬  (Case Study information). This means that if consumers are seeing more promotion from Bacardi Breezers, they will stick in their mind more than competitors such as WKD and therefore means that they will be more inclined to buy Breezers rather than its competitors.Bacardi Breezer – Segmentation and Targeting Bacardi Breezer, as said previously, targets 18-24's specifically those who are party-goers. This target market I feel do not have very much brand loyalty, this is due to the fact that a vast amount of this market are students and tend to change their buying habits very often. This means that it may be difficult to keep the same customers, which is why Bacardi need to constantly innovate and also advertise as much as possible.Their characteristics are the common interest in socialising and wanting a fun young alternative to beer and wine. Bacardi segments their market using their packaging for instance 18 year old will want the smaller 275ml bottle when they are out d rinking in pubs and clubs whereas 24 year olds would want the larger 700ml bottles that are available to put in their fridges at home. This means that they have different advertising campaigns for each size as they are aimed at different market segments.Bacardi uses the marketing mix by having different size bottles for their market segments and therefore having different prices as both ends of their target markets will have varying amounts of disposable income. Bacardi also use different types of promotion for the two alternatives in order to enable them to gain the interest of as many consumers as possible. Finally place is very important to how Bacardi targets their consumers as the younger end of their market buy more from the on-trade with the older ones purchasing increased amounts from the off-trade.

Aurora- Light of Mystery

Aurora - Mysterious Light text box: This shuttle image shows the characteristic oval shape of Aurora. What is my aurora? Aurora or aurora is the emission of the upper atmosphere generated by the high latitudes of the two hemispheres. The northern hemisphere aurora is called aurora and the southern hemisphere aurora is called aurora. Aurora (Latin is dawn) is a beautifully magical light that you can see in the darkness of the polar sky. Aurora borealis is one of the most mysterious and interesting phenomena in nature and has been fascinated by Scandinavian tourists and locals from ancient Vikings. Watching a spectacular light show or discovering the aurora is only the beginning of your outstanding journey. For thousands of years European cuisine masterpieces have captivated travelers. From traditional cultural cuisine to contemporary cuisine specialties, it is a worthwhile travel to visit these delicious destinations. Bring a healthy appetite and enjoy a wonderful taste, sight and sce nt on this rich cooking trip Aurora is Aurora or Antarctica. These are ghostly lights that appear in the sky of the earth. These are extremes facing the earth. In the north, these auroras are called auroras. In the South these auroras are called aurora aurora. Amp; nbsp; These occur when there is a magnetic field outside the Earth 's atmosphere. After that, the solar wind attacked the magnetic field and released these aurora to the earth's south north pole. The color of the aurora depends only on the height of most of the collision of the streetlight and the neon sign emits light according to the amount of gas of the subject. If these auroral lights are about 300 kilometers tall they may turn red. This is very rare, but it will happen when the solar wind is at its maximum. The most common colors are yellow and green. All of these lights are called by oxygen, but they are all at low altitudes

UP level accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

UP level accounting - Essay Example When a semi-variable cost is treated as a variable cost for the purpose of variance analysis, the charge of overhead is exceeded. This is because semi-variable costs do not vary with each unit of activity, but change depending upon the level of activity achieved.Therefore, by granting the status of variable costs to semi variable costs, the overheads are hiked and thus profitability is reduced. Similarly, fixed costs remain fixed over a period of time, irrespective of the levels of activity. By assigning the status of fixed costs to semi-variable costs, during times of lowered levels of activity, there is a high overhead charge which significantly erodes profitability.The result of treating a step-fixed costs, for the purpose of variance analysis, as a variable one would be that, if the costs need to be calculated on the shortest time frame, there may not be material variations, but if taken on the long time, the impact of the step fixed costs would not be realized, or in other words , profits may be over stated. For example, the costs of running a single machine for several months would be different from running several machines for a single month. (Blocher et al, 2008) Thus by assigning the nature of variable to a step fixed cost would overstate profits over a period of time.When an operation entails both fixed and variable costs, and if all costs are taken as variable, it would wrongly inflate profits and underestimate costs. The element of fixed costs is generic to all cost centers, and very conspicuous in the cases of Health Care Providers, since investments in hospital machinery, equipments and infrastructure are quite substantial. (Blocher et al, 2008). In case of high level of activities, by not assigning the rightful fixed costs, profits become inflated; however, if all overheads are accounted for as fixed, during lowered levels of activities, costs become higher than booked and this could be disastrous, especially for smaller companies with low revenue generations. Question 2 (i) The key drivers for profitability in an organization would be the correct assessment and implementation of cost factors- fixed, variable, semi-variable and step-fixed costs since any mis-match could lead to derailed planning, execution and incorrect decision-making. What is even more important is the correct booking of the overheads, since overheads not booked at all, or wrongly booked could lead to a host of critical problems later. The top management takes strategic decisions based on the cost data provided and it is therefore, it is essential that it be factually correct. (ii) The two variances depicted in Exhibit 3 consider the recovery of fixed overheads when the actual procedures performed, instead of the standard 50,000 procedures, was actually only 49,000 procedures. Fixed costs were considered at $50, 00,000 for the predetermined standard 50,000 procedures. But the actual procedures billed were only 49,000 and therefore $ 100 X 1000 - $ 100,000 was unrealized. (Blocher et al, 2008). (iii) Regarding Exhibit 4, the mismatch occurred because the aspect of fixed cost overheads was not correctly judged. The mismatch occurred because of the 460 examinations made, only 310 were billed, leading to 150 examinations carried out but not billed and the profits have been inflated by (460 - 310) X $ 20 = $ 3000. This is the reason why the profits are overstated. (Blocher et al, 2008). Question 3 (i) Traditional standard costing is a system by which predetermined value / efficiency standards are assigned for each element of cost. The actual performance is then matched against their Standard costs, and the variances, positive or negative are determined. This is an invaluable management tool since there is a complete breakup of cost components and determinants, and for each item of costs, it is possible to know the standard, the actual and the resultant variances. Hence adverse variances could be effectively monitored by

Operations Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Operations Management - Assignment Example A business that has an effective management strategy is likely to have an upper hand in the market. There are diverse benefits associated with efficient operations management, including a reduction in the operational costs while enhancing customer satisfaction. Inventory management ensures that sales, customer service, and production are done effectively without interruptions, hence ensuring customer satisfaction and cost reduction. In addition, optimizations of inventory levels as well as helping in improving cash flows are major benefits derived from inventory management. Improper inventory management can lead a business to huge losses. In the modern context, several inventory management controls have been developed; some that are highly sophisticated while others are quite simplistic. Some of the available inventory management tools include ABC analysis, Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Discounted EOQ, Vendor managed Inventory (VMI), LP, MRPII, TQM, ERP, KANBAN, and collaborative pl anning among others. Inventory management tools are very well applied in organizations for diverse purposes. A number of company operations are associated with the inventory management tools. Firstly, in the process of developing the company accounts, the accuracy is tremendously improved hence enhanced reporting of the company profits and losses (Silver 2008, p.16; Hilton1994). This is done based on the asset value that is attached to every item that is purchased, those within the company and the ones sold. Secondly, the management is able to identify flaws and ensure they are rectified before they get out of hand. The inventory management tools help track all the items in the company, thereby ensuring that flaws do not accrue until the stock taking date. Fourthly, customers are very important people as far as the company is concerned. The inventory management tools are able to identify items that are in shortage hence customers are able to make their bookings without being

Are corporate governance system dichotomous (Anglo-American v Essay

Are corporate governance system dichotomous (Anglo-American v. German-) Is the Russian Federation consistent with any of these - Essay Example The parts may be essentially same in their basic purpose however, their orientation may be different and therefore the overall implications can also be different too. The dichotomy hypothesis therefore suggests that the world views may be divided into two different parts which are non-overlapping and mutually exhaustive in nature. These characteristics of the dichotomy suggest the views on the corporate governance could also be dichotomous in nature. Based on this, the corporate governance models are divided into two models of Anglo- American and Eurasian models. This paper will aim to study and explore the dichotomous nature of corporate governance and whether Russia is consistent with any of the models defined under dichotomous nature. Corporate Governance Before discussing dichotomous nature of the corporate governance systems, it is important to discuss corporate governance as a subject and its implications for the organizations. Corporate governance is considered as a multi-face ted and interesting subject considering the fact that it deals with the diversified range of issues faced by the organizations. Corporate governance as a discipline suggests that it is a set of processes, policies, laws and procedures which govern the overall behavior of an organization within a given society. ... Companies like WorldCom and Enron continued to defraud different stakeholders by engaging themselves into activities which may not be considered entirely ethical Due to this, legislations such as Sarbanes Oxley were enacted in order to ensure that organizations are discouraged from engaging themselves into unethical behavior. The current financial crisis was also one of the key reasons for the renewed emphasis on the corporate governance as a process. The large scale failure of financial institutions outlined that the corporate governance may be a process which could have ensured that organizations engage into the activities which are favorable for all the stakeholders without actually jeopardizing the overall interests of all stakeholder groups. Dichotomous World Hypothesis Corporate governance as a model is practiced under two different aspects of the same concept. The dichotomous world hypothesis outlines that there are two different models of corporate governance systems. One mod el is based on the American shareholders model whereas another model is based on the German model of stakeholders. This hypothesis therefore identifies the corporate governance as a phenomenon which is perceived under two different schools of thoughts or opinions on the nature of the corporate governance systems. Dichotomy as a concept outlines something which can be divided into two halves however, each half remain mutually exclusive from other. What is critical about this concept is the fact that the halves remain independent however, they form the part of the whole and such re-enforce ach other. (Peng,) The groups of stakeholders which are often associated with an organization include shareholders, government, executives, employees, general public,

Strategic Accounting for Decision Making Case Study

Strategic Accounting for Decision Making - Case Study Example Furthermore, the decision by the Sentinel institute to explore the opportunities in small towns and sub-urban areas demoralized the spirit of the Fitness Forever. The Sentinel intended to launch its activities in Fitness Forever region in an aggressive manner, and further intended to ensure that the expansion phase is implemented soon after the official opening of their first branch in the region. Sentinel has relative stable edge over Fitness Forever, the former is renowned 'for its strong sales culture', which has motivated the consumers towards the Sentinel. The Sentinel on its behalf has been successful in the exploration and the efficient utilization of the available opportunities. The management of the Fitness Forever organization was of the opinion that 'the Fitness Forever's traditions of personal service could ride out any waves made by Sentinel', the element of over-confidence led to the least preparation on the behalf of the Fitness Forever organization which brought unexp ected and catastrophic revealing for the institution. It was observed, and complained that the staff of the organization were neither helpful nor polite towards their customers, and were strange and least informed about the products and services launched and offered by the institution for the purpose of value addition. It was further observed that Sentinel was fully prepared and planned to 'flex its considerable muscle in Waterston'. In this regard, the institution announced its plan to inaugurate more than two branches in the Fitness Forever area, at parallel; the institution took 'very aggressive moves in pricing its checking and savings accounts'. The Fitness Forever was not prepared to tackle the result oriented techniques and methodologies of the Sentinel, and popular and prominent aspect of the Sentinel's sales culture was ignored and avoided. The ordeal placed the Fitness Forever in challenging position, and level of anxiety among the management of the Fitness Forever institu te was visible gradually. The Fitness Forever was vulnerable towards two different threats i.e. Sentinel emergence in the region, and the leadership complacency issue, relevant to the management of the Fitness Forever. The employees of the Fitness Forever have expressed their ignorance towards the techniques commonly adopted in the practices, and have further expressed their inability to sale the products in the market. The employees have expressed their reluctant towards the learning of the sales practices, and belief that their profession doesn't require them to be 'pushy salesman', the concept of sales is void and misinterpreted. It has been learnt that the branch officers have complained about the lack of coordination and cooperation from the operations group. The lack of friendliness and teamwork has demoralized the employees, and operation group has been criticized for its 'rigid adherence to obscure procedures, and lack of sensitivity towards the needs and requirements of the branch officers and local employees' (David, 2006). The branch managers revealed that the sales efforts have been hampered by the requirement of the documentation in an excessive manner. The behavior and the conduct of the employees have been criticized by the customers, 'tellers are fine but the higher you go, the worse the service'. The customers

Business Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Case Analysis - Essay Example The accounting industry was controlled by the Big Six firms. These six firms in 1994 obtained $33 billion of the total $43 billion in revenues that the industry generated. One of the advantages of forming Nexia International was that it increased the market presence and branding value of the company. The use of a branding strategy can help attract a lot of business because it creates a reputation and recognition that can be used to gain a competitive advantage. A second advantage of the creation of Nexia International was that the company expanded its reach and clientele base. Accounting services to a certain extend are homogeneous products that can be easily transferred to other marketplaces. A disadvantage of the formation of Nexia International is that the company increased its overhead due to the fact that the company needed more employees, managerial talent, and physical infrastructure to handle the expansion. Another disadvantage associated with Nexia International is logistica l challenges and constraints. Nexia International faces many strategic challenges. The company has not figured out how to effectively take advantages of its resources to serve an international clientele base. One of the issues that have made things harder for the company is the fact that the different Nexia firms across the world are not communicating or cooperating well with each other. On many instances instead of giving a referral to a Nexia establishment in another country the firm that gets the contract prefers to create a subsidiary in the country to keep the contract themselves. The executive management team of the company lacks the authority to intervene with the network partners. The international management team has little influence over the actions of the members of the network. The efforts of the offices of Nexia across the world do not seem to be coordinated. In the case study I did not see any evidence or statements in regards to the marketing, public relations, and ad vertising efforts of the company. For the company to build its brand value and attract many customers the firm has to change its marketing strategy. The company has to become more aggressive and proactive in its marketing efforts. Due to the intense competition in the accounting industry Nexia International has to differentiate itself to ensure that the firm is able to attract and keep more customers. The biggest threat to the company’s effort is the existence of the Big Six firms. These firms are taking the majority of the business away from small and medium size accounting firms such as Nexia International. Nigel Hodges has the opportunity to transform Nexia International to convert the firm in one of the industry leaders in the mid-tier category. I was astonished when I read that the company does not have the capability at all its locations to prepare computerized financial statements and audits. A firm that generated $562 million in 1994 had sufficient income to make the necessary investment to improve the software and information technology capabilities of the company. During the 1990s the cost of technological computers solutions was higher than in the 2012, but there is not excuse for the lack of compliance by Mr. Hodges in keeping up with the technological trends in the accounting industry. The firm has to make the capital investments necessary to update the information system of the company. If the firm lacks the cash

Lean Learn Outcome Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lean Learn Outcome - Assignment Example The case reports that the scrape rate for each operation stands at 10%. Hence, this is a crucial source of waste in the case study. Over processing involves the extra operations such as reprocessing or rework on products mainly due to the fact that there are defects. To the case study, this is also a potential source of waste as at any time the effects of defects can be experienced (Palevich, 2012). Transport waste refers to the unnecessary movement of production materials from one place to another. It is an existing source of waste in the case. This is because the employees at the company usually have to transfer raw materials from one point to another in the company (Palevich, 2012). This entails the inactivity periods that a company experiences in a downstream process. It usually occurs because of untimely delivery of output by an upstream activity. As seen in the case study, this is an existing source of waste particularly in delivering goods to customers (Palevich, 2012). This refers to the under utilization of employee capabilities. It also includes delegation of tasks while employees have undergone inadequate training. As indicated in the case study, the annual employee turnover stands at only 25%. Thus, skills is an existing source of waste in the case (Palevich, 2012). b) For one or more of the sources of waste identified in part a) write a one paragraph description of what you would do as Operations Manager to reduce or eliminate this waste. It consequently results into excessive production of products along with excess costs for inventory carrying. As the operations manager, I would apply a well-organized approach towards reduction and elimination of skills as a source of waste. As indicated earlier, waste in skills is experienced due to under utilization of employee capabilities. It is also caused by inadequate training of employees and yet delegating tasks to them. On this regard, I will begin by coming up with a clear outline of the tasks

Why is terrorism difficult to define Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why is terrorism difficult to define - Essay Example Terrorism, as Oxford dictionary describes, is (1) "government by intimidation as directed and carried out by the party in power in France during the Revolution of 1789-94 . . . " and (2) "policy intended to strike with terror those against whom it is adopted." It is interesting to see that both definitions hold a common viewpoint for those people who resort to threats and violence that is outside the normal oppositional struggle against their enemies. Although this definition is easy to understand, if we look deeper we can find that this definition is vague. The question that this definition fails to answer is ‘How do we measure what extent of violence is considered ''outside the normal oppositional struggle'’? As we begin to understand this problem, we find that there is no objective criterion available to us to gauge what extent of violence and threat can be called as an act of 'terrorism'. This difficulty to find what qualifies as an act of terrorism is even more diff icult since ‘terror’ is used to describe a strategy rather than an act. The strategy is to send a message to the higher ups in the government that they and their policies are vulnerable, that there is common voice in the public that are against government’s policies and that public has the capacity to attack the government in case those policies aren’t removed. The most common type of terrorism in the world is religion related. Multitude organizations all over the globe fight to uphold their religion.

Still Just Writing Essay Example for Free

Still Just Writing Essay Almost every man who walks this planet has goals, aims, and, aspirations that he dreams of achieving. However, distractions often come about, thwarting people and preventing them from attaining their aspirations. A distraction can pull a person’s whole mind and body into a different world manipulating him to neglect his lifelong goals, and never achieve his dreams. A student, entering college with dreams of achieving a 4. 0 GPA and becoming valedictorian, can easily be swept up by social distractions, causing him to abandon his goals. Tillie Olsen and Anne Tyler both discus in their narratives, â€Å"Silences†, and, â€Å"Still Just Writing†, how parenting, childrearing, and mundane errands effected their lifelong dreams of becoming writers. They both believe that women cannot possibly create â€Å"enduring literature† unless they remain childless. However, Olsen and Tyler each viewed her own personal situation through different perspectives. Their different perspectives on life led them to each deal with her lifelong dreams and desires of becoming authors in different ways. The constant responsibilities of motherhood will have an effect on a woman’s desires and dreams. Both Olsen’s and Tyler’s dreams of becoming writers were neglected because of the immense responsibilities of motherhood. Tillie Olsen states, â€Å"All distinguished achievements has come from childless women†. She believes that all her motherly tasks have left her writing skills to â€Å"fester†, â€Å"convulse†, and â€Å"die† within her. She feels that her responsibilities and trials of family have locked away her writing talents, â€Å"like a squirrel in a cage†. Similarly, Tyler’s busy life as a mother tremendously weakens her writing abilities. Between her children’s spring vacation, dental appointments, and gymnastics meetings, there seems to never be a free moment for her to sit down and concentrate on writing a novel, â€Å"Although she planned to work till three thirty everyday it was a month of early quittings†. Tyler’s writing skills slowly deteriorated, and her once powerful, thought-out characters, turned, â€Å"pale and knuckly, like someone scrabbling at a cliff edge so as not to fall away entirely†. The responsibilities and joy of bringing up children, and being a dedicated mother distracted Olsen and Tyler from developing their writing skills, and fulfilling their dreams of becoming renowned authors. Happiness is not dependent on one’s life situation, rather it is dependent on ones perspective and attitude regarding his situation. Although Olsen’s and Tyler’s situations in life were quite similar, their perspectives and attitudes on life could not have been more different. Tillie Olsen believes that social pressures squashed her talents and all women’s writing talents into a dark shadowy corner, denying their development. She believes that society views â€Å"woman writers, woman experience, and literature written by woman by definition minor†. Furthermore, Olsen believes that woman are forced to give into the social pressures of always, â€Å"being attractive†, and spend hours, â€Å"agonizing over appearance†, rather than spending hours working on literary writings. Olsen views herself and her lost dreams as the miserable victim of social discrimination against women. However, Anne Tyler views her situation in a totally different light than Olsen does. Tyler believes that distractions are a part of life that affects everyone, not just woman. She laments how her husband’s writing, â€Å"fell by the wayside†, while he was finishing his medical schooling. Additionally, she describes how her husband’s, â€Å"responsibilities to support a family† cause him to neglect his writings, which he cares so deeply about. Unlike Olsen, Tyler doesn’t view the world as an evil place that stunts women from developing their talents, rather she views the world as a place where everyone, man and woman alike, have responsibilities towards other people which must be fulfilled as they strive to accomplish their lifelong dreams. Differences in ones perspective in life leads to different outcomes in the way one leads one’s life. Olsen’s negative outlook on her life led her to permanently give up on her dreams. Olsen believes that one cannot find a balance between ones mundane responsibilities and one’s dreams. She believes that, â€Å"you must choose between your art and fulfillment as a woman†. Her pessimistic belief that she is the victim of â€Å"coercive working of sexiest oppression†, causes her to relinquish her lifelong goals. Although she admits that some women try to have a family life and become a writer, her negative perspective on the world causes her to believe that their work will be, â€Å"impeded, lessened and partial†. Olsen’s downbeat attitude towards life has led her to believe that the responsibilities of motherhood has sapped her from her literary and writing talents, and has cruelly snatched away her dreams of becoming a distinguished author. Unlike Olsen, Tyler’s positive outlook on life allowed her to learn how to deal with her responsibilities. Like a child who learns how to balance on a bicycle, Tyler learns how to properly balance her life as a mother and a writer. She believes that her experience of being a mother has caused her to grow, â€Å"richer and deeper†, allowing her writing to become more profound and meaningful, â€Å"when I did write I had more self to speak from†. Tyler has successfully found a, â€Å"way to slip gracefully through a choppy life of writing novels, plastering the dining room ceiling and presiding at slumber parties†. Tyler is a successful mother and yet she is also, â€Å"still just writing†. Tyler’s optimistic outlook on life led her to become a unique individual; she is a happy easygoing housewife and mother, and a deep profound writer. Few people can fulfill their responsibilities towards others and attain their dreams. Only with a positive, upbeat, easygoing attitude, like that of Tyler, can one fulfill the time consuming, mundane tasks of life, while simultaneously achieving one’s lifelong goals. This world is a challenge, where we each must find the exact balance between our general obligations to our family and mankind, and our lifelong goals and desires. We cannot allow our mundane responsibilities to sidetrack us from reaching our goals. We must use our mind like a laser beam, and focus on what is important in our life, whether it is becoming the next great author, earning a 4. 0 GPA or developing our character traits. We should be like Anne Tyler and view our responsibilities through a positive eye, learn to appreciate them, and grow from them, but not allow them overtake our desires to accomplish our aims, ambitions, and aspirations.

Types of business Essay Example for Free

Types of business Essay A sole trader is one who is wholly responsible for his business and hence has complete control over it. He keeps all the profit generated from the business and runs the business according to his own will. He does not have access to substantial capital for expansion; he does not have anyone to manage his business affairs and therefore has to do all the work by his own. Sole proprietorship has unlimited limited which means he will have to sell his own assets apart from business in order to pay back the debts. Partnership: the Business is run by partners who share the profit and loss according to the share of capital put into the business. It is run by mutual ideas of the partners. They can overcome each other weakness which can be helpful in making the business more profitable. They loss form the business is shared among the partners. One of the disadvantages is that the profit generated from the business has to be shared among the partners . The partners may get into conflict when making any decision. Corporation: There are two types of corporations. Private limited and Public limited. Private Limited corporations are those where the shareholders have limited liability and the shares of the corporate may not be offered to the general public. One of the major advantages of private limited company is that the corporation is separated from management and its members (the shareholders). Another advantage is that all the shareholders have limited liability that means only there share in the business is at stake and they are not liable to pay back the debt from their own property. Disadvantages may be that all the decisions have to be consulted with every shareholder that takes time and effort. The other form of corporation is the public limited corporation where the ownership is held by the public . The company has limited liability; a public limited corporation has a greater access to financial institutions for loans which is not the case with sole traders or partnership. With so many shareholders, they can all contribute their ideas for the benefit of the company. The disadvantages of a public limited company is the double taxation , at first the company has to pay the corporation tax on the profit earned and then the shareholders pay the tax on the dividends they get . Second advantage of a public limited company is that there are many legal formalities involved in setting up. The third disadvantage may be that the public limited corporation is bound to disclose all the financial information to its shareholders that takes a lot of time, effort and money. (Cinnamon and Larsen, 2006) Franchising: It is a method by which a person uses a business name that already exists. The person who takes the name is know has franchisee and the person who owns that business is know as franchisors. The franchisee in order to get authorize to use the name of the business has to pay a fees and a percentage of gross monthly sales. Sherman , 2004) Advantage to the franchisor may be that it can come near to the market by giving out the name to a franchisee. For a franchisee the advantage may be that he can earn from a business that already exists and is well renowned. Disadvantage for the franchisor is that the franchisor has to keep in eye on the quality of the products available in the franchise and also on the customer service given by the franchisee. For a franchisee the disadvantages may be that he has to give some profit to the franchisor. (Sherman , 2004)

Temporal Variation in Water Column Structure in Estuary

Temporal Variation in Water Column Structure in Estuary Panourgias Siderakos Temporal variation in water column structure, transmissometry, and fluorometry in a macrotidal estuary Abstract The temporal variation in water column structure, transmissometry and fluorometry was observed and monitored on the 10th of November 2016 in Southampton Water, over a half tidal cycle (approximately from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.). That specific day a neap tide behaviour occurred. Variable measurements were performed on the Callista vessel and also with the CTD device. Additionally, nutrient and zooplankton measurements took place in order to acquire more data. The chlorophyll concentrations that were measured showed low values with an average value of 0.7 to 0.8 ÃŽÂ ¼g/l. The maximum values were observed during the transition from the high-tide time to the low-tide time (almost 1.1 ÃŽÂ ¼g/l). Temperature, light and salinity measurements performed a small change during the day, in relation to depth. The data that were collected and processed imply that the main factor that influences the temporal variation in water column structure is the tidal cycle of the specific area concerned. This cycle, and its currents, is responsible for the general behaviour of the water column (how much stratified or mixed is).          1. Introduction Estuaries are very diverse systems. This is due to the existence of very shallow waters, which in relation to other various factors, can potentially affect the temporal variation in water column structure, transmissometry and fluorometry. Perhaps, the most essential factor that must be taken into consideration in Southampton estuarine environment, on a daily basis, is the Spring Neap tidal cycle. Southampton Water forms the north-westerly extension of the Solent System on the south coast of England, and forms the estuary of three chalk-derived rivers: Test, Itchen and Hamble. The area has an unusual tidal pattern, where the interaction of the M4 and M6 tidal constituents (usually during a Spring tide) creates a double high water. This high water stand can last up to 3h, reducing the time for the ebb phase. This tidal asymmetry leads to 6h of moderate flood currents and 4h of rapid ebb velocities (1.5 m/sec). The flood phase has also a slack period (young flood stand), where the tidal currents become temporarily weaker. The foregoing factors generate stronger mixing during the ebb phase showing also an increase from a Neap to a Spring tide (Lauria et al., 1999). The present survey aims to identify and clarify at the same time the patterns influencing physical and biological parameters and the processes linking these patterns in a macrotidal estuary, more specifically the Southampton Water estuary. Furthermore, these patterns must also be examined if they differ, during other tidal states and at different times of year. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Survey area The survey area was Southampton Water. A shallow, partially mixed coastal plain estuary. It is located on the south coast of England. Its length is 10 km and has a width of 2 km with a dredged central shipping channel of 15m below mean tide. It is essentially marine in character, with little variation in salinity number (~30) in the mouth. Stratification occurs mostly at the head of the estuary. Water temperature within Southampton Water varies according to the season, with minimum winter temperatures below 7 ° C and maximum summer temperature above 17 ° C. (Williams et al., 2006) 2.2. Materials and Methods Sampling took place over an approximate 7 hour time period on the 10th of November 2016. The area was in a small radius of 0.5 nautical miles from the position 50 ° 52.259 ´ N and 001 ° 22.348 ´ E (data-buoy coordinates). During the day, a neap tide was occurring. The tide cycle involved two high-tides and one low-tide. First high tide took place at 07:57 local time (4.17 m) and the second one at 20:07 local time (4.08m). The low tide between them was at 12:37 (1.85m) (Southampton Tide Times internet site). Samples were collected using the research vessel Callista of the National Oceanographic Centre. The winds had a Northeast direction and varied from 10 to 20 knots speed. However, the sea state was around 3 (~0.5 m wave height) and the cloud coverage varied from 3 to 6 octal. The survey plan that had to be followed was a continuous measurement (every half hour) from approximately 09:00 to 16:00 (local time), averaged in every meter of depth for later processing. Vertical profiles of conductivity (salinity), temperature, density, transmissometry and fluorescence were obtained using a CTD. On the CTD, a transmissometer and a fluorometer were mounted, along with the Niskin bottles for water sampling. Although there is not going to be an analytical description of their abilities and their ranges of measurement, a list of the devices that were used both on Callista and on the CTD is shown below: CTD SeaBird SBE 19+V2 RDI Workhorse Mariner 600kHz ADCP Biospherical Instruments Inc. QCP2300 Irradiance Sensor C-Star 25cm Transmissometer FL-NTU(RT) Fluorometer The Aanderaa SOOGUARD system Enviro-T In-Line Fluorometer Oxygen Optode 4330/4330F Conductivity Sensor 4319 Temperature Sensor 4060 Samples of water were collected with the Niskin bottles at two depths every one hour. The first one at 1m below sea surface and the second one around 2m above sea bed. These samples were obtained for further chlorophyll, phosphate and silica analysis. Chlorophyll-a was measured with the method of acetone extraction. Silica and phosphate concentrations were measured in the chemistry lab at the National Oceanographic Center, from the samples that were collected by the groups on the RIB. Current speed and direction could not be measured because the sensor was out of order. Zooplankton measurements were made and samples were also collected. The first occurred at the beginning of the boat trip (from 09:37 to 09:43 local time) and the second one at the end of it (from 15:45 to 15:50 local time). Special zooplankton nets were used and the samples were kept in special chemical liquid (formaldehyde) for preserving, until it was processed. Essential data were also collected from the Xylem Analytics UK EMM700 Data Buoy in Southampton Water. The buoys coordinates are 50 ° 52.259 ´ N and 001 ° 22.348 ´ E and the data involved air temperature, water temperature, wind direction, wind speed, PH, Chlorophyll, O‚‚ etc. The collected data concerned the time periods between February 2016 to October 2016 and also the week from 7th to 11th of November 2016 (Boat Week). 3. Results 3.1. Tide In the morning, when the sampling begun, the tide height was decreasing until 12:37 (local time) to the height of 1.85m (ebb phase). After that, the tide height increased again until the end of the survey (flood phase) and headed to its second high tide for the day at 4.08m (20:07 local time). Despite the fact that there were no data obtained for the tide currents speed and their direction because of the non-functioning sensor, taking into consideration the Nautical Charts from the British Hydrographic Service for the specific area, we observe that tide currents have different directions during the day (tide cycle) and their velocity varies from 0.5 to 2 m/sec, approximately. In figure 1, the half-tide cycle of the day is demonstrated and also the Potential Energy Anomaly, derived from the different densities and energies at each depth, showing a value of average stratification for each station. 3.2. Temperature-Salinity The water column demonstrated a temperature variation between +11.1 and +11.5  °C (fig. 2(a)). In the meantime, salinity values were measured between 33.0 and 34.0 units (fig. 2(b)). Temperature decreased with depth while salinity increased. The small range variation of the vertical temperature and salinity profiles, imply that the water column was partially mixed throughout the whole sampling time period. A small water mass with high salinity is observed at the depth of 6.5 m at 13:00 (local time) which is obviously a more saline, sea-water mass below the fresher river-water masses. The temperature distribution seems more homogeneous with depth. The two figures show a relative resemblance, as more saline water goes deeper. As a result, during the day hours, when the sun light still exists, the deeper we go in the water column, the colder it gets. 3.3. Chlorophyll fluorescence Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were very low during the survey, demonstrating values between 0.55 and 1.15 approximately (fig. 3 (a)). A water mass of higher chlorophyll fluorescence was observed near the water surface around 13:30 (local time). However, chlorophyll did not demonstrate any essential changes, being almost homogeneous in relation to depth, which implies a well-mixed water column as well. 3.4. Light Transmission Light transmission measurements also showed a very well mixed water column. The measured values had a small range and demonstrated from 2.7 % to 3.15% maximum (fig. 3 (b)). In this figure, the vertical profile of the percentage of light that is transmitted is shown. The light transmission plot also agrees with the chlorophyll fluorescence plot. A small area of 2 meters depth (from 5 to 7 meters depth) was observed between 10:00 and 11:00 with the highest values of transmission (3,15%), but this was, possibly, a random phenomenon. 4. Discussion 4.1. Temperature and Salinity According to the measurements that were made and the width of change, no significant pattern of temperature change was observed in relation to depth. Southampton Water temperatures vary from a winter minimum of 17 ° C (June-August) (Muxagata et al., 2004). Temperature homogeneity in relation to depth signifies that temperature is not playing any essential role in the estuary dynamics, nor the estuary water stratification. General speaking, temperature indeed enhances the growth of phytoplankton while in most temperate marine systems seasonal thermal stratification is the main factor that triggers the start of spring bloom. In the marine environment of Southampton, it seems that temperature is not the most important factor. (Iriarte et al., 2004). Salinity did not play any significant role either. The range of values that were measured was really small. However, the contour of salinity in relation to depth implies a more stratified water column than that of the temperature. As a result, salinity is more important than temperature in affecting the estuarine stratification. 4.2. Chlorophyll Chlorophyll concentrations did not demonstrate a big change either. The general measured values were very small (~0.5 to 1.1 ÃŽÂ ¼g/l), which phenomenon agrees with the general rate of chlorophyll growth in Southampton Water during autumn. This fact can also be observed in figure (4), where the buoy data from February 2016 to October 2016 are shown. It can be clearly stated that the largest chlorophyll growth occurs in August, simply related to temperature and weather conditions (low winds-low seas states). However, chlorophyll blooms which happen in spring and summer, coincide with the period of relatively low Spring tide, followed by a Neap tide. The higher degree of stability in the water column allows growth to occur without the greater flushing that is experienced at Spring tide. The reestablishment of high Spring tides caused chlorophyll levels to fall as the estuary was flushed (Wright et al., 1997). Moreover, phytoplankton populations can show changes from seasonal and inter-annual variations, but more extended variations occur during periods of low mixing on Neap tides (Lauria et al., 1999). The tide cycle in Spring and Neap tides is probably one of the most important factors in the phytoplankton growth. As long as the pattern in Southampton Water is concerned, the seasonal distribution of chlorophyll-a showed low winter values followed by a spring peak during the last week of April and intermediate concentrations during summer, dropping to pre-spring bloom levels by October (Purdie et al., 2004). 4.3. Light The measurements with the Secchi disk and the transmissometer in the water implied the fact. That light did not play a key-role in the general growth of phytoplankton in the Southampton Water. Furthermore, figure 5 shows the turbidity (%) of the water during the day. Although the changes are very small, it can be observed that after 12:00 (local time), when the ebb phase of the tide cycle approaches and the mean water depth decreases, the values slightly increase. This also draws a conclusion that the light influence on the water column is mainly affected by the tidal cycle. 4.4 Nutrients-Zooplankton Although not shown in figures in this report, nutrient concentrations in the Southampton Water were mainly affected by the tidal cycle. All the measurements that were made during this survey supported the fact mentioned above. Silica and phosphate measurements showed that their behaviors were affected mainly by the tide cycle. In addition, special measurements also revealed that during the ebb phase, zooplankton was moved, probably with the water masses that the tide currents moved. This fact also resulted in a significant decrease in zooplankton numbers. The most abundant species were copepods (while all the other species had an almost null value), whose numbers indicated a decrease of around 30% after the ebb phase (zooplankton measurement No 2). Words: 2156 References Iriarte, A., Purdie, D.A., 2004. Factors controlling the timing of major spring bloom events in an UK south coast estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 61, 679-690. Lauria, M.L., Purdie, D.A., 1999. Contrasting phytoplankton distributions controlled by tidal turbulence in an estuary. Journal of Marine Systems 21, 189-197. Williams, J.A., Muxagata, E., 2006. The seasonal abundance and production of Oithona nana (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) in Southampton Water. Journal of Plankton Research 28, 1055-1065. Wright, P.N., Hydes, D.J., Waddington, I., Rawlinson, M., 1997. Real time chlorophyll and nutrient data from a new marine data buoy in Southampton Water, UK. Electronic Engineering in Oceanography, 73 78. Figure 1: The Neap Tidal Pattern during the sampling period (10:00-16:00 local time-GMT) and the Potential Energy Anomaly (a) (b) Figure 2 (a): Water temperature contour in relation to depth, during the sampling period (b): Water salinity contour in relation to depth, during the sampling period (b) Figure (3) (a): Plot of Chlorophyll fluorescence in relation to depth, during the day (b): Plot of Light Transmission in relation to depth, during the day Figure (4): Chlorophyll concentration and water temperature in relation to time (from February 2016 to October 2016) Figure 5: Turbidity in relation to depth, during the day   Ã‚  

Modern Day Hero Essay -- essays research papers

In today’s society, it is hard to know someone who another person can look up to as a hero. It takes a special quality and person for others to know they can look up to and follow without worrying about being lead astray. The modern day hero I have chosen is someone who not only is willing to lay his life down for another, but also is willing to fight for everyone’s freedom. James A. Miller Jr. is that modern day hero; he is a Staff Sergeant in the United States Marine Corp. For the last year, he has been overseas fighting for not only the lives of all Americans, but he is also trying to free the Iraqi Government and people. Growing up, I always thought of him as just my baby brother. After he joined the Marines in 1993, I have seen him grow into a young man who many look up to. Not only do my children and his look up to him, but many others do also. James is a smart, good-looking young man whom everyone enjoys being around. He is into hunting, fishing and being outdoors which are just some of his favorite hobbies. He loves spending time with his family and doing whatever he can with them when the time allows. James and all the men and women who are willing to serve and protect are the real heroes of our day and age. They should be commended for the service they provide. James is in charge of the Combined Anti-Armor Team. Being a section leader, he is in charge of 30 to 45 Marines, 8 Hummers, 6 machine gun variants and 2 tow variants, (TOW) is Tube launched Optical comm...

The Minimum Wage Should Be Eliminated Essays -- Minimum Wage, A Bad Po

"The minimum wage is something that F.D.R. put in place a long time ago during the Great Depression. I don't think it worked then. It didn't solve any problems then and it hasn't solved any problems in 50 years." -- John Raese In the United States, the federal government maintains a national minimum wage to protect the purchasing power of ordinary workers. It seems good that the government protects your purchasing power by adjusting the minimum wage with respect to the inflation rate. Its economic side effects are so obvious that make this policy a bad one because it creates more unemployment, makes employers cut fringe benefits and is inefficient. The first argument is that minimum wage creates more unemployment. From the point of view of basic supply and demand, workers and employers adjust the quantity of labor supplied according to wages until the quantity of labor demanded equals to the quantity of labor supplied, reaching an equilibrium wage. However, the policy ignores the market price by setting a â€Å"price floor† higher than the equilibrium wage. â€Å"A minimum wage is a...

The Evils of Racism in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay example -- Literary

The Evils of Racism in To Kill a Mockingbird To Kill a Mockingbird is inspired by the events that occurred during Harper Lee’s childhood. The setting in her novel is an allusion to her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama around the time of the Scottsboro Boys Trials. In this novel, Lee illustrates the evils of racism to communicate the theme that everyone should be treated equally, not by the color of the person’s skin. In the case with Tom Robinson, Lee demonstrates â€Å"that southern justice for blacks was different from southern justice for whites† (May 4). Tom is convicted of raping Mayella Ewell, a white woman. Throughout the trial, there is evidence to support Tom’s innocence, but because he is black, he is convicted anyway. This is a historical allusion to the trials that occurred in and around Scottsboro, Alabama, where nine black men were accused of raping two white women. Retrials occurred and, even with lack of proper evidence, all nine were convicted because of their skin color. Scout has to face â€Å"the realities of southern society within the same age span that Harper Lee faced Scottsboro† (May 4). Ama Lee, Harper Lee’s father, was a man of honor that was related to the famous soldier Robert E. Lee, and likely pushed the attitudes of family pride and the cruelty of southern prejudice on to Harper. Lee demonstrates the teachings that Atticus gave Scout and Jem as a reference to the teachings that Lee’s father told Harper as a child. As Lee was growing up, she learned of the trials that were occurring, and realized that it was unfair that the black men were convicted of a crime that had little, if any, evidence. To a child, a mother or father is ‘all-knowing’ and therefore ask their parent(s) about anything that they do no... ...February 2012 Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1960. Print. May, Jill. "In Defense of To Kill a Mockingbird."EXPLORING Novels. Detroit: Gale Power Search. Web. 14 February 2012 Smykowski, Adam. â€Å"Symbolism and Racism in To Kill a Mockingbird.† Readings on To Kill a Mockingbird. Ed.Terry O’Neill. San Diego, Calif.: Greenhaven Press, 2000. 52-56. Literature Resource Center. Web. 8 February 2012 Tavernier-Courbin, Jacquelin. â€Å"Humor and Humanity in To Kill a Mockingbird.† On Harper Lee: Essays and Reflections. Ed.Alice Hall Petry. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee. Literature Research Center. Web.10 February 2012 Zaidman, Laura M. "Harper Lee: Overview." Twentieth-Century Young Adult Writers. Ed. Laura Standley Berger. Detroit: St. James Press, 1994. Twentieth-Century Writers Series. Literature Resource Center. Web. 13 February 2012

factors affecting Demand and Supply Essay

In economics, Demand refers to the quantity of a goods or services that consumers are willing and able to buy at a given price in a given time period. The law of demand stipulates that there is an inverse relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded, that is to say, if the price of, say, good X rises, it will decrease the quantity demanded of good X and the price of the good falls, this will bring an expansion of the quantity demanded. The diagram below clearly explains the above statement: A movement along a demand curve only occurs when there is a change in the price of the good in question. Some textbooks call these movements’ extensions and contractions. In the diagram below (Fig 1.1), when the price of CDs falls (from P1 to P2) there is a rise in demand (from Q1 to Q2), ceteris paribus. The movement along the curve is from point A to point B. When the price rises (from P1 to P3) there is a fall in demand (from Q1 to Q3), ceteris paribus. The movement along the curve is from point A to point C. Note that we must say ‘ceteris paribus’. If one of the other determinants of demand changes as well, then the curve would shift. A shift in the demand curve occurs if one of the ‘other’ (i.e. non-price) determinants of demand change. This means that for a given price level the quantity demanded will change. This is illustrated in the diagram below: Fig 1.2 Note that the price has not changed (P1) and yet demand has increased (in the case of the shift to D2) to Q2. This could be due to a rise in real incomes (assuming the good is normal – see the required section in the ‘Elasticities’ topic), a rise in the price of a substitute good, a fall in the price of a complement, etc. (see ‘determinants of demand’ above). In the case of the shift to D3, demand has fallen even though the price has remained constant. It is fairly obvious so far that the price of a good is a pretty strong determinant of its demand, but there are many other things that will affect demand too. First of all, the disposable income is one of the factors causing a shift in the demand curve. The effect that income has on the amount of a product that consumers are willing and able to buy depends on the type of good we’re talking about. For most goods, there is a positive (direct) relationship between a consumer’s income and the amount of the good that one is willing and able to buy. In other words, for these goods when income rises the demand for the product will increase; when income falls, the demand for the product will decrease. The above is the case for normal goods. However, when there is an inverse relationship between one’s income and the demand for that good, it is categorised as inferior good. Another factor which is a determinant of demand is the price of related goods. As with income, the effect that the price of related good has on the amount that one is willing and able to buy depends on the type of good we’re talking about. Think about two goods that are typically consumed together, for example, tea and milk (complements). If the price of milk goes up, the Law of Demand tells us that people will be willing/able to buy less milk. But if we want less milk, we will also want to use tea and therefore, an increase in the price of milk means we want to purchase less tea. We can thus summarize this by saying that when two goods are complements, there is an inverse relationship between the price of one good and the demand for the other good. A person’s taste and preference is also one slightly obscure but very important determinant of demand. It could be noted that if a good becomes fashionable, this will boost up the demand. For example, if a celebrity endorses a new product (like Pepsi), this might increase the demand for the product. On the other hand, if a campaign crops up, stating that the product is nefarious to health, this would decrease the demand of the product. An increase in the population of a country will be another determinant of  demand of a product. More people will mean more demand for, say, bread. Nonetheless, it should be noted that a change in the structure of the population, (an ageing population), this will increase the demand for some goods but reduce the demand for others. For example, the quantity of medical shoes will increase in an ageing population. Advertising is also likely to have a great impact on the demand of a product. Many of you probably doubt the effectiveness of some of the appalling adverts on the TV. We may assume that companies would not spend fortunes on advertising if they did not expect to see a significant rise in demand for the product in question. This can be clearly shown when supermarkets advertise their price drop-downs, through flyers, TV adverts, radio et al. Some people always think of securing a better future. In so doing, if they expect the price of a good to rise in the future, they will more likely to demand for more of the product. For example, if we hear that Apple, the electronic giant, will soon introduce a new iPod that has more memory and longer battery life, people may decide to wait to buy an iPod until the new product comes out. This will surely decrease the demand for the current iPod as they will prefer the new ones. On the other hand, just like with demand, where it only became effective if it was backed up with the ability to pay, supply is defined as the willingness and ability of producers to supply goods and services on to a market at a given price in a given period of time. In theory, at higher prices a larger quantity will generally be supplied than at lower prices, ceteris paribus, and at lower prices a smaller quantity will generally be supplied than at higher prices, ceteris paribus. Diagram A movement along a supply curve only occurs when the price changes, ceteris paribus. In other words, the price changes but the other non-price determinants remain constant. The diagram below shows that a price rise will cause an extension up the supply curve, from point A to point B, whilst a  price fall will cause a contraction back down the supply curve, from point A to point C. Supply curves shift, at all prices, if there is a change in one or more of the determinants of supply. If something happens that decreases a firm’s costs regardless of the price level (e.g. improved technology or a subsidy from the government), then the firm’s supply curve shifts to the right. The diagram below demonstrates these shifts: Note that the price remains unchanged at P1; the shifts in the supply curve are caused by various changes in the determinants of supply. As with the demand curve, there are many things that affect supply as well as the price of the good in question. The most important factor determining the supply of a commodity is its price. As a general rule, price of a commodity and its supply are directly related. It means, as price increases, the quantity supplied of the given commodity also rises and vice-versa. It happens because at higher prices, there are greater chances of making profit. It induces the firm to offer more for sale in the market. The price of other factors of other goods is one of the determinants of the supply. Increase in the prices of other goods makes them more profitable in comparison to the given commodity. For example if it is more profitable to produce LCD TVs then producers will produce more LCD TVs as compared to PLASMA TVs. Thus the supply curve for PLASMA TVs will shift inwards i.e. there will be a fall in supply. Another factor to determine supply is through Technology. Technological changes influence the supply of a commodity. Advanced and improved technology reduces the cost of production, which raises the profit margin. It induces the seller to increase the supply. However, technological degradation or complex and out-dated technology will increase the cost of production and it will lead to decrease in supply. Govt., through taxation policies, is also a determinant of supply. Increase in taxes raises the cost of production and, thus, reduces the supply, due to lower profit margin. On the other hand, tax concessions and subsidies increase the supply as they make it more profitable for the firms to supply goods.

Police Organizational Structures Essay

Organizations are entities of two or more people who cooperate to accomplish an objective. (Peak, Policing America, 2012). A police department structure must be parallel so that this way its structure can be effective in completing the overall goal of protecting and helping the public. Over the years police agencies have followed a traditional structure but by the passing of years the structure is starting to evolve. Traditional police structure Traditional structures are based upon principles such as â€Å"specialization, Hierarchy of offices, rules and regulations, technical competence, official activity demands the full working capacity of the official and the office management following exhaustive stable written rules. These principles allow the structure to work efficiently. With that said â€Å"most police organizations are based on a traditional pyramidal quasi-military structure† (Peak, Policing America, 2012).in where all those principles are present shows an inverse relationship between rank and the number of personnel allows the structure from anyone having too much of authority. this is called the hierarchy rank which allows an organization to have a chain of command. for example from the base of the pyramid up the base is supervisor then mid-level managers and the top is administrators the higher you are on the pyramid the more responsibility you have. So in the chain of command the supervisor would report to mid-level managers and the mid-level managers would report to the administrators. Basically this structure in the past a police officer would be hired and would be able to get promoted through political favoritism it didn’t matter if the person was qualified or not because they attained he job through political favoritism. Evolving organizational police structure Organizational police structure has changed over the years as technology is changing, some of the things that have changed or in other words evolved from the traditional police structure is that in efforts to prevent corruptions they have got rid of some rules and policies this also helps to prevent â€Å"red tape†. Now instead of having a centralized organization the evolved structure has been decentralized. This means â€Å"Cities were divided into precincts, and precinct-level managers often, in concert with the ward leaders, ran precincts as small-scale departments by decentralization combined with  primitive communications and transportation gave police officers substantial discretion in handling their individual beat† (Moore, 1988) basically in the evolved structure the hiring of all personnel was not left to change they look for qualified managers, supervisors and administrators and after they are chosen they recruit qualifying officers. What do these both structures have in common?

Healthy Grief

Grief is an emotional suffering that someone is feeling when someone or something is taking away. (Wikipedia) Elizabeth Kubler-Ross introduced the five stages of grief based on patients facing terminal illness. These steps are typical, but everyone doesn’t go through each stage. You don’t go through the stages in order and they should know that it is normal. The mindset of the individual will depend on the severity of grief they may go through. Grief can last from days to years and the person isn’t aware of this. They may restart their grieving process on holidays, birthdays, and anniversaries or when a special day arrives.Some people take’s the loss as a remembrance, but others take it as sorrow because their loved ones are gone which I think makes a person to go through the grieving process again. Coping with loss has been called† a spiritual process that includes locating our loved ones in time, place and transporting our recreated experiences to the here and now† (Angell Dennis & Dumain, 1998) Kubler- Ross grief process in the book of Job when God let Satan afflict Job to prove Job’s loyal to him. God presented Job as a virtue. Kubler-Ross stages are Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance.Job’s family, cattle and property was taken away from him. When Job didn’t succumb to these tragedies â€Å"The HEALTHY GRIEF Lord gave and the Lord has taken away†. God let Satan afflict Job again, this time Satan afflicted Job’s health. He started to have sores on his entire body that was very painful. With this tragedy Job started to go through the Kubler-Ross grieving process. Job prays and stated he doesn’t know why this is happening to him and why is god persecuting him. Job friends blamed him for the suffering because he had sinned and god. Job started questioning and challenging god.Job became depressed because his condition was deteriorating. Job wanted someone to talk for him to relieve him of his suffering. Job’s grieving went back and forth with God. When God confronts God and cross examines him, Job realized that he had misconceptions regarding God’s ability. Job does believe in God and had to go through the suffering to understand how great God is. God restored all that he had taken from Job plus some. God gave him double for the trouble. Grief of the Chinese religion is different because they don’t talk about their grief to anyone because it is considered to be unhealthy.Touching the loved one’s body is a sign of goodwill. The eldest grandson has to deliver the message to the other family members of the passing loved one in person out of respect. They are not allowed to speak about the death or the funeral. The Eldest son is the only one that is able to mourn and this has to be done for 72 days and not allowed to wear red or get married for 6 months. The eldest son has to take responsibility of caring for the fami ly and has to mourn by crying out and solemn in front of people, which is expected of him.The son has to live close to the grave site for 3 years. In the Chinese culture if a person dies by suicide the family will not touch the body because it is considered bad luck. They burn paper as a sign of providing material goods for that person. They place the deceased name on the paper so that person will receive the items. The Chinese feels eternity is passed through the sons in their family. Joy and grief goes hand in hand when it pertains to a person’s loss. When people grieve, they go through the grief stages, but when they remember the good times about that person there is joy.Through my research Nancy Bern a sociology professor spoke with a gentleman named Tim and explained that grief is like if you had your heart ripped out, it will hurt and hurt a lot and it will scab over and the pain will feel less. But if you knock off the scab it will hurt as it did the first time. It wil l hurt on those special moments or milestones HEALTHY GRIEF , but we still love them even as we bring new milestones in our life. Gratefulness and joy can be found in grief. My research hasn’t changed my views on grief.I still feel that it is the mindset of the individual and the relationship that person had with their loved ones. When we (Baptist/Christians) we celebrate the person that has passed as a â€Å"homegoing†. We sing, dance, eat and reminisce the life of that person. We are not afraid to talk about that person. As I discussed previously, When my brother (39) passed in 2005 it was difficult at first, when we had his homegoing it accepted it because my brother was very ill at that time. I don’t know how I would feel if a loved one passes unexpectedly, but my family and I would celebrate it the same way.A popular song of the African American that is sung at most homegoings is Boys to Men â€Å"It so hard to say good bye to yesterday†, But it is s uch a fitting song for the occasion. My other brother (his twin) sang this song at his homegoing. It was hard to say goodbye because we were very close. There were 5 of us, 3 girls and 2 boys but my twin brothers and me and my twin sister were the closest. To this day we still talk and remember our brother Bookie (nickname) like he never passed and still with us. I don’t feel like it is grieving, it is remembering a good soul and an awesome, awesome brother. Healthy Grief Grief is an emotional suffering that someone is feeling when someone or something is taking away. (Wikipedia) Elizabeth Kubler-Ross introduced the five stages of grief based on patients facing terminal illness. These steps are typical, but everyone doesn’t go through each stage. You don’t go through the stages in order and they should know that it is normal. The mindset of the individual will depend on the severity of grief they may go through. Grief can last from days to years and the person isn’t aware of this. They may restart their grieving process on holidays, birthdays, and anniversaries or when a special day arrives.Some people take’s the loss as a remembrance, but others take it as sorrow because their loved ones are gone which I think makes a person to go through the grieving process again. Coping with loss has been called† a spiritual process that includes locating our loved ones in time, place and transporting our recreated experiences to the here and now† (Angell Dennis & Dumain, 1998) Kubler- Ross grief process in the book of Job when God let Satan afflict Job to prove Job’s loyal to him. God presented Job as a virtue. Kubler-Ross stages are Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance.Job’s family, cattle and property was taken away from him. When Job didn’t succumb to these tragedies â€Å"The HEALTHY GRIEF Lord gave and the Lord has taken away†. God let Satan afflict Job again, this time Satan afflicted Job’s health. He started to have sores on his entire body that was very painful. With this tragedy Job started to go through the Kubler-Ross grieving process. Job prays and stated he doesn’t know why this is happening to him and why is god persecuting him. Job friends blamed him for the suffering because he had sinned and god. Job started questioning and challenging god.Job became depressed because his condition was deteriorating. Job wanted someone to talk for him to relieve him of his suffering. Job’s grieving went back and forth with God. When God confronts God and cross examines him, Job realized that he had misconceptions regarding God’s ability. Job does believe in God and had to go through the suffering to understand how great God is. God restored all that he had taken from Job plus some. God gave him double for the trouble. Grief of the Chinese religion is different because they don’t talk about their grief to anyone because it is considered to be unhealthy.Touching the loved one’s body is a sign of goodwill. The eldest grandson has to deliver the message to the other family members of the passing loved one in person out of respect. They are not allowed to speak about the death or the funeral. The Eldest son is the only one that is able to mourn and this has to be done for 72 days and not allowed to wear red or get married for 6 months. The eldest son has to take responsibility of caring for the fami ly and has to mourn by crying out and solemn in front of people, which is expected of him.The son has to live close to the grave site for 3 years. In the Chinese culture if a person dies by suicide the family will not touch the body because it is considered bad luck. They burn paper as a sign of providing material goods for that person. They place the deceased name on the paper so that person will receive the items. The Chinese feels eternity is passed through the sons in their family. Joy and grief goes hand in hand when it pertains to a person’s loss. When people grieve, they go through the grief stages, but when they remember the good times about that person there is joy.Through my research Nancy Bern a sociology professor spoke with a gentleman named Tim and explained that grief is like if you had your heart ripped out, it will hurt and hurt a lot and it will scab over and the pain will feel less. But if you knock off the scab it will hurt as it did the first time. It wil l hurt on those special moments or milestones HEALTHY GRIEF , but we still love them even as we bring new milestones in our life. Gratefulness and joy can be found in grief. My research hasn’t changed my views on grief.I still feel that it is the mindset of the individual and the relationship that person had with their loved ones. When we (Baptist/Christians) we celebrate the person that has passed as a â€Å"homegoing†. We sing, dance, eat and reminisce the life of that person. We are not afraid to talk about that person. As I discussed previously, When my brother (39) passed in 2005 it was difficult at first, when we had his homegoing it accepted it because my brother was very ill at that time. I don’t know how I would feel if a loved one passes unexpectedly, but my family and I would celebrate it the same way.A popular song of the African American that is sung at most homegoings is Boys to Men â€Å"It so hard to say good bye to yesterday†, But it is s uch a fitting song for the occasion. My other brother (his twin) sang this song at his homegoing. It was hard to say goodbye because we were very close. There were 5 of us, 3 girls and 2 boys but my twin brothers and me and my twin sister were the closest. To this day we still talk and remember our brother Bookie (nickname) like he never passed and still with us. I don’t feel like it is grieving, it is remembering a good soul and an awesome, awesome brother.

Evan 101 Study Guide 5

Exam 5 Study Guide All questions will be taken from the text Evangelism Is†¦ by Earley and Wheeler. †¢ Be able to identify the following verses as they are written in your textbook and have an understanding of Dr. Earley’s and Dr. Wheeler’s teachings on these verses: †¢ John 1:14 (ch. 22) †¢ Acts 1:8 (ch. 22) †¢ Proverbs 11:30 (ch. 23) †¢ John 13:35 (ch. 24) †¢ John 2:1–10 (ch. 25) †¢ Luke 19 (ch. 25) †¢ John 6:1–14 (ch. 25) †¢ Matthew 25:38–40 (ch. 27) Chapter 22 †¢ According to Dr. Earley, the United States has shifted from a Christian nation to a _________________________ nation. Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ Jim Peterson defines our â€Å"secularized society† as ___________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ According to Dr. Earley, the â€Å"peanut butter and jelly approach† to evangelism requires both proclamation and ______________. (Be able to fill in the b lank. ) †¢ Proclamation Evangelism is primarily for who? †¢ According to Dr. Earley, is evangelism an event? Chapter 23 †¢ According to Dr. Earley, you do not need to win lost people to _______________ (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ According to Dr.Earley, if we are to be truly effective evangelists, we must love people like ________________ and see them like _______________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ According to Dr. Earley, many people simply must feel like they ________ before they can __________. (Be able to fill in the blanks. ) †¢ According to Chapter 23, ___________ out of 10 unchurched adults would accept an invitation to church if invited. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ According to Dr. Earley, what are the 3 victories you win with unbelievers and in what order do they occur? Chapter 24 Dr. Earley compares evangelism with lost people to building ____________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ According to Dr. Whe eler, who cites Claude King and Carolyn Thompson’s work, all believers have _______ concentric circles of concern in evangelism. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ Know the concentric circles of concern in evangelism in order. †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, evangelism is lived out through ________________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, what is the culmination of evangelism? Chapter 25 †¢ According to Dr.Wheeler, evangelism is hanging out ____________________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, Jesus exhibits the characteristics of â€Å"hanging out† evangelism in John 2:1-10 when he attended a ______________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ Dr Wheeler encourages believers to be fully present by continuously looking for ________________________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ Dr. Wheeler quotes this verse, â€Å"For if you remain completely silent at this time, relief and deliverance will arise for the Jews from another place, but you and your father’s house will perish.Yet who knows whether you have come to the kingdom for such a time as this? † as an example of divine opportunity. The person given this opportunity was _____________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) Chapter 26 †¢ Dr. Wheeler states that â€Å"incarnational living’ and following the Great Commission (Matthew 28:18–20) is more about ______________ than coming. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, incarnational living is an expression of our new ____________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ Citing Steve Sjorgen in his book, Conspiracy of Kindness, Dr.Wheeler notes that the proper way to view and respond to lost people is to _____________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ Incarnational living involves what? †¢ Dr. Wheeler quotes Albert L. Meiburg, who states that _______ is the trigger which activat es God's call to minister if we have the heart to hear and respond. † (Be able to fill in the blank. ) Chapter 27 †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, by putting ministry into action, evangelism becomes a natural _________. (Be able to fill in the blank. ) †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, evangelism is opening our eyes to ___________. (Be able to fill in the blank. Chapter 28 †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, evangelism is knowing the difference between _____________________. (Be able to fill in the blanks. ) †¢ Dr. Wheeler quotes Jerry Pipes concerning the art of listening. What are the levels of listening? †¢ What is One-up Listening? †¢ What is Barney Fife Listening? †¢ What is Dr. Phil Listening? †¢ What is I-Pod Listening? †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, what are effective strategies in listening? †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, true evangelism is expressed with the whole being, both ____________ and ______________. (Be able to fill in the blank s. Chapter 29 †¢ Dr. Wheeler cites John 11:35 when Jesus wept as an example of his empathy in action. Who was Jesus crying over? †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, is empathetic living relating to the physical pain of hurting people. †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, part of living an empathetic life is learning to live with your personal struggles and shortcomings or ____________. (Be able to fill in the blanks. ) †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, what are examples of empathetic living? †¢ According to Dr. Wheeler, 1 origin of the word empathy means ______________. (Be able to fill in the blank. )

Factors that possibly affect first year performance in college Essay

Factors that possibly affect first year performance in college - Essay Example For this study, the dependent variable was â€Å"First Year Performance† which was measured by taking the average of the grades received by the student from the courses he was taking. Independent variables were region of origin, age, and gender. Region of origin referred to the student’s place of study, and took the values of EU, OS, and UK. Age was divided into two values: regular (below 21 years old as of 1st September at the year of intake) and mature (below 21 years old as of 1st September at the year of intake). Gender took the values of Male and Female. In order to find if there were any regional effects on first year performance, Analysis of Variance was used. Analysis of variance tests for mean differences among a sample of three or more groups. To find if either age or gender had effects on first year performance, differences of the means of two groups were investigated using t test. Relationships between the variables which, incidentally, contained categorica l variables, were investigated using cross tabulation techniques and the chi square test. First year performance in college is a crucial measure because it says a lot regarding the initial progress of a student. In summary, age, gender, and region did not have significant effects on the overall first year performance of students. However, these factors did have certain effects on selected course units. Also according to the research findings regular students tended to come from OS more than from UK or EU.... Presentation and Discussion of Results Descriptive Statistics Table 1 shows a summary of the frequency and percentage distribution of a total of 238 respondents for this study. The figures show that 53. 8% were from OS (n = 128), 36.1% were from UK (n = 86), and 10.1% were from EU (n = 24). When grouped according to age, 87.4% were regular students (n = 208), while 12.6% were mature students (n = 30). When grouped according gender, 46.2% were male (n = 110) and 53.8% were female (n = 128). Figures from Table 2 indicate that the students had a mean average grade of 56.6 (SD = 12.2). Students had the highest mean grades in BMAN10001 (10) – Economic Principles: Microeconomics (Mean = 69.7, SD = 15.4) while lowest mean grades were in BMAN10621 (M) (10) – Fundamentals of Financial Reporting (Mean = 45.9, SD = 20). Effects of Age T test results showing effects of age on first year performance are summarized in Table 3. No significant effect of age was found in the average sco res of students, t(38) = .43, n. s. However, age was a significant factor in unit courses such as BMAN10801 (10) – Introduction to Work Psychology and BMAN10812 (10) – The Modern Corporation, t(36) = 2.06, p = .05, and t(191) = 3.27, p < .01, respectively. In both cases, Regular students scored higher (Mean = 56.4, SD = 11.9 and Mean = 57.4, SD = 12.1) than Mature students (Mean = 51.1, SD = 13.37 and Mean = 47.8, SD = 21.1). No other significant differences were found. Effects of Gender T test results showing effects of gender on first year performance are summarized in Table 4. No significant effect of gender was found in the average scores of students, t(231) = .70, n. s. However, gender was a significant factor in

Impact of death and dying on the personal lives and practices Research Paper

Impact of death and dying on the personal lives and practices - Research Paper Example The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate my scholarly skills in critically analysing an article that has attempted to bridge the identified gap in knowledge. This article, by Sinclair, seeks to provide a deeper insight into the impact that death and experiences with the dying have on the personal and professional lives of those working in the palliative and hospice care environments. My critical analysis will focus on the purpose of the article, the methodology and research design used as well as the study population. The article is focused on bridging the identified gap in research and hence contributing to the body of knowledge in the profession. The purpose of this article is to sensitise the nursing professionals and scholars on the psychological needs of the practitioners working in an environment where the thoughts of death, dying and grieving are normal experiences. The topic is very significant at a time when palliative and hospice care are gaining increased attention in the healthcare field (Sinclair, 2011). This means that the psychological health of the practitioners becomes a burning issue that require equal attention. I strongly believe that this purpose is not just worthwhile as a contributor to the body of knowledge, but it has also come out clearly in the article. The researcher, in this article, has made use of a rather rare method in research. First, Sinclair has made use of ethnographic enquiry in which the participants are selected and observed in their normal working environment. It is from these observations that the researcher obtains the results to make a conclusion of the study. The ethnographic enquiry method has been enriched by the use of conveniently selected participants for the study (Sinclair, 2011). To study the participants effectively, the researcher conducted observations on a variety of healthcare professionals in different fields within the palliative and hospice departments. The collected information was analysed through